Addressing reactivity in dogs is a process that involves understanding the root cause of the behavior, managing the dog’s environment, and gradually changing their emotional response through training. Here’s a generic step-by-step process that applies to most reactivity cases (e.g., leash reactivity, dog-dog, dog-human):


1. Identify the Type and Triggers of Reactivity

  • Observe and document what sets off your dog (other dogs, people, bikes, noises, etc.).
  • Note distance thresholds (how close the trigger can be before your dog reacts) which can vary with each trigger and the difficulty of that trigger.
  • Identify whether the reactivity is rooted in fear, frustration, or excitement.

2. Implement Management Strategies

Prevent your dog from practicing reactive behaviors while you train:

  • Use distance: Stay far enough away from triggers to avoid reactions.
  • Use barriers (cars, bushes, visual blocks) or change walking routes.
  • Walk during quiet hours if needed.
  • Use proper equipment: properly fit harness or a long line for decompression walks.

3. Build Engagement and Focus

  • Teach and reinforce key foundation skills:
    • Name response
    • Look at me/watch
    • Hand target
    • Leave it
    • Emergency U-turns
  • Practice these in low-distraction settings and gradually increase difficulty.

4. Counter-Conditioning and Desensitization

Change your dog’s emotional response to their trigger:

  • When the dog notices the trigger but doesn’t react, feed high-value treats.
  • Pair the presence of the trigger with something your dog loves (food, play).
  • Start at a safe distance (below threshold) and gradually decrease distance as the dog remains calm.

This teaches the dog: “Scary thing appears = good things happen.”


5. Use Pattern Games or LAT/LAM (Look at That/Look at Me)

These games build confidence and teach the dog a predictable routine around triggers:

  • LAT/LAM: Dog looks at trigger, then looks back at handler = reward.
  • 1-2-3 game, Up-Down, or Engage-Disengage are useful, structured approaches.

6. Gradually Increase Exposure

  • Slowly and systematically expose the dog to triggers at closer distances or higher intensity, keeping the dog under threshold.
  • Use short sessions, end on a success, and always observe body language.

7. Evaluate and Adjust

  • Track progress with a reactivity log.
  • Be flexible—some days will be harder than others.
  • Consider if medication or a behavior professional might be helpful in severe cases.

8. Get Support if Needed

  • Certified dog trainers (especially those using positive reinforcement) can tailor the plan to your dog.
  • Veterinary behaviorists can help if anxiety or fear is deeply rooted or severe.