Addressing reactivity in dogs is a process that involves understanding the root cause of the behavior, managing the dog’s environment, and gradually changing their emotional response through training. Here’s a generic step-by-step process that applies to most reactivity cases (e.g., leash reactivity, dog-dog, dog-human):
1. Identify the Type and Triggers of Reactivity
- Observe and document what sets off your dog (other dogs, people, bikes, noises, etc.).
- Note distance thresholds (how close the trigger can be before your dog reacts) which can vary with each trigger and the difficulty of that trigger.
- Identify whether the reactivity is rooted in fear, frustration, or excitement.
2. Implement Management Strategies
Prevent your dog from practicing reactive behaviors while you train:
- Use distance: Stay far enough away from triggers to avoid reactions.
- Use barriers (cars, bushes, visual blocks) or change walking routes.
- Walk during quiet hours if needed.
- Use proper equipment: properly fit harness or a long line for decompression walks.
3. Build Engagement and Focus
- Teach and reinforce key foundation skills:
- Name response
- Look at me/watch
- Hand target
- Leave it
- Emergency U-turns
- Practice these in low-distraction settings and gradually increase difficulty.
4. Counter-Conditioning and Desensitization
Change your dog’s emotional response to their trigger:
- When the dog notices the trigger but doesn’t react, feed high-value treats.
- Pair the presence of the trigger with something your dog loves (food, play).
- Start at a safe distance (below threshold) and gradually decrease distance as the dog remains calm.
This teaches the dog: “Scary thing appears = good things happen.”
5. Use Pattern Games or LAT/LAM (Look at That/Look at Me)
These games build confidence and teach the dog a predictable routine around triggers:
- LAT/LAM: Dog looks at trigger, then looks back at handler = reward.
- 1-2-3 game, Up-Down, or Engage-Disengage are useful, structured approaches.
6. Gradually Increase Exposure
- Slowly and systematically expose the dog to triggers at closer distances or higher intensity, keeping the dog under threshold.
- Use short sessions, end on a success, and always observe body language.
7. Evaluate and Adjust
- Track progress with a reactivity log.
- Be flexible—some days will be harder than others.
- Consider if medication or a behavior professional might be helpful in severe cases.
8. Get Support if Needed
- Certified dog trainers (especially those using positive reinforcement) can tailor the plan to your dog.
- Veterinary behaviorists can help if anxiety or fear is deeply rooted or severe.